alpha arbutin oxidize
The experimental conditions were the same as Fig 7. The discrepancy with our results is due to the different tyrosinase form used by the authors [6]. The result is fewer freckles, age spots, and melasma. Using it might give you benefits like reduced pigmentation from the sun, without increased sun sensitivity. It contains beneficial compounds that regulate skin's pigment. Moreover, when these compounds are studied as substrates of the enzyme, the Kd values obtained by docking studies are in the same range as the KM values (Table 2). Total oxygen consumption test (L-dopa). When the degree of inhibition (i) was calculated, a hyperbole was obtained (Fig 2A). The samples were filtered to remove possible particles, and injected (20 l) in a Kinetex Core Shell C-18 column (Phenomenex, Torrance) for reversed phase of 100 x 4.60 mm, 2.6 m particle size and 100 pore size with a flow rate of 1 mL/min. The general consensus is that arbutin works well for not only all skin tones but also skin types. The stoichiometry of the reaction is established from a monophenol as described in S1B Fig. Alpha Arbutin is a synthetic form of Arbutin, a natural version of hydroquinone derived from plant sources such as bearberry and mulberry. Alpha Arbutin contains 0.5% Squalane. Abstract. While alpha arbutin is safe to mix into creams and lotions in small doses, it must always be dissolved in water first. This image is not<\/b> licensed under the Creative Commons license applied to text content and some other images posted to the wikiHow website. This image is not<\/b> licensed under the Creative Commons license applied to text content and some other images posted to the wikiHow website. The numerous studies on and -arbutin as inhibitors of tyrosinase are sometimes contradictory. The enzyme catalyzes two types of reaction: (a) the ortho-hydroxylation of monophenols, rendering into o-diphenols (monophenolase activity), and (b) the oxidation of o-diphenols to o-quinones (diphenolase activity). That's to say, you can use vitamin C and alpha arbutin together in the same skincare routine, (vitamin C serum to be applied first, followed by alpha arbutin) that's if they're both water-based serums. Discover a faster, simpler path to publishing in a high-quality journal. aPw+h2 s1jU$`(xT " :WbRnF{*c{ x_q /7)H.D#`vCJG8GU9]pu"-+`;[=/Y)rQ:Q5ESZB|qUBAfGgZAsAY6D|Y`,|r UM s"vI`F9W7;r6/1Db3RG'K`aUt6Tid}QLp?x8qjb/le >]lJ?L4^cBs}a>G jPA=J[5RTr_Ayz@G[>8Da48BlR>m 2q B~&$BHp#KU Andrea Jordan is a beauty and lifestyle freelance writer covering topics from hair and skincare to family and home. This image may not be used by other entities without the express written consent of wikiHow, Inc.
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\u00a9 2023 wikiHow, Inc. All rights reserved. This is hands-down our favorite product with this ingredient. . Spectrophotometric recordings of the effect of different concentrations of -arbutin on the diphenolase activity of tyrosinase, using L-dopa as substrate. While it may not work for everyone, which is always the case with skincare products, overall, The Ordinarys Alpha Arbutin has great reviews for age spots and seems to work well for many people. Inset. Computational docking of -arbutin. Inset. If youre trying to lighten your skin, start off with a 2-month supply (around 25 grams (0.88oz)) so that you can make adjustments to your skin lightening formula once you find whats working for you. The Ordinary has an especially good alpha-arbutin product, but there are others as well. Kubo et al. Alpha-type is just milder. Alpha Arbutin 2% + HA The Ordinary ( 300 ). 1.06 Ounce (Pack of 1) $23.43 $ 23. Other AutoDock parameters were used with default values. 0000001418 00000 n Inhibition of diphenolase activity by arbutins. Objective: The objective of this research was to formulate and evaluate alpha arbutin skin lightening cream using polyacrylate base by cold process.Methods: Five formulas of alpha arbutin skin. WHAT'S THE % OF SQUALANE? There are plenty of skincare products on the market that are premixed with alpha arbutin. A multi-purpose antioxidant serum designed to target mild to moderately uneven skin tone while reducing the signs of aging. wikiHow, Inc. is the copyright holder of this image under U.S. and international copyright laws. It reduces melanin formation, improving the appearance of age spots, freckles, melasma, and post-inflammatory pigmentation. B. Stoichiometry of the sequence of reactions that lead to the formation of MBTH-o-quinone adduct. The data agree with those from docking studies that showed that the enzyme has a higher affinity for -arbutin. #3 More expensive but safer. Alpha arbutin is the answer to reducing the appearance of hyperpigmentation and dark spots. Again, these are rare, even when using a high-concentration product. Unique combination of Niacinamide & Alpha Arbutin that improves the skin's texture, evens out the skin tone and tackles hyperpigmentation, tanning, and freckles. The fast-absorbing fluid layers easily under other products and leads to a healthy glow and more even tone with daily use. The high performance liquid chromatography assays were made using an Agilent 1200 Rapid Resolution coupled with a photodiode detector (UHPLC-DAD). GENZ-Group of research on Enzymology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology-A, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Espinardo, Murcia, Spain, Affiliation: If you have concerns over sun damage, age spots, melasma, scarring or hyperpigmentation, which so many people do, we advise that you consider trying a product with alpha arbutin. Chromatogram of the A) -arbutin 1 mM, B) -arbutin 1 mM and C) hydroquinone 1 mM. Though alpha arbutin is more expensive, it takes less quantity to achieve better whitening effects. p?(9&HC,L^B+__M+'Cu_v|flC3+|2=vpkf^)x endstream endobj 39 0 obj << /Type /Font /Subtype /Type0 /BaseFont /NHEBNI+Arial /Encoding /Identity-H /DescendantFonts [ 42 0 R ] /ToUnicode 40 0 R >> endobj 40 0 obj << /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 234 >> stream 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2; The experimental conditions were [E]0 = 100 nM, [-arbutin]0 = 20 mM and DMF 2%. This was done by using MBTH [40,44], which is a potent nucleophile through its amino group which attacks enzyme-generated o-quinones, giving rise to an adduct. Formulated with Arbutin and Resorcinol to stimulate cellular turnover and naturally brighten the look of dark spots and 8% Vitamin C to reduce the look of fine lines. It can help improve uneven skin tone, diminish wrinkles and fine lines, get rid of dullness, and generally improve the appearance of your skin. The product doesnt affect naturally dark skin. And thankfully, there are a variety of products at very reasonable prices from The Ordinary Alpha Arbutin 2% HA ($10) and Typology Pigment Stain Serum Alpha Arbutin 2% + lemon extract ($22), making this brightener very budget-friendly, compared to several other dark spot corrector products. Alpha Arbutin is a natural antioxidant derived from the Bearberry plant. Rainwood BIO-committed to plant extract research and development, has more than 15 years experience . PLoS ONE 12(5): If you use alpha arbutin in the morning, apply it to clean, dry skin. The experimental conditions were [E]0 = 30 nM and [L-dopa]0 = 0.5 mM. Arbutin is a derivative of hydroquinone that has fewer side . Various carbohydrate-active enzymes such as -amylase, -glucosidase, transglucosidase, sucrose phosphorylase, and dextransucrase have been employed to synthesize Alpha Arbutin. These compounds were solubilised by adding 2% (v/v) DMF to the reaction medium. Milli-Q system (Millipore Corp, Billerica, MA.) On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Cosmetic products with the skincare ingredient ALPHA-ARBUTIN typically inhibits tyrosinase, one of the major enzymes involved in the formation of skin tan and age spots. This formula is clean, non-toxic, and cruelty-free. [5], Arbutin is glucosylated hydroquinone,[6] and may carry similar cancer risks,[7][unreliable source?] Meski begitu, ada pula alpha arbutin alami yang ditemukan dalam berbagai tanaman dan buah-buahan. Melanocytes control the melanin production - melanin is responsible for the pigment levels which imparts the skin its colour. These observations suggest that the compounds are alternative substrates of the enzyme. This image is not<\/b> licensed under the Creative Commons license applied to text content and some other images posted to the wikiHow website. 0000062320 00000 n The experimental conditions were [E]0 = 30 nM and [L-dopa]0 = 0.5 mM. The stability of the MBTH-quinone adducts and the rapidity of the kinetic assays makes this a suitable method for determining the monophenolase and diphenolase activities of tyrosinase [40,41,44,45] (S1A Fig). Initial rate values (V0) were calculated at different substrate concentrations. Well, this new-to-me ingredient had me at hello because banishing dark spots and hyperpigmentation is No. So, once I got wind of the super lightener alpha arbutin, I knew I had to add this to my beauty arsenal. The experimental conditions were [E]0 = 30 nM, [L-dopa]0 = 0.5 mM and -arbutin (mM): a) 0, b) 2.5, c) 5, d) 8, e) 13, f) 20 and g) 30. D = o-diphenol (L-dopa), Q = o-dopaquinone, A = arbutin, Cr = dopachrome, Em = metatyrosinase, Ed = deoxytyrosinase and Eox = oxytyrosinase. And in case you're wondering, many use the terms alpha arbutin and arbutin interchangeably, and that's because alpha arbutin is simply a variant of the original chemical. To measure the activity of tyrosinase on L-tyrosine, the quantity of o-diphenol necessary to reach the steady state at time t = 0 was added. Applying it with an AHA will actually help you absorb more. S8 Inset and S9 Inset Figs demonstrate the instability of the o-quinones generated. For example, if youre using 25 grams (0.88oz) of arbutin, multiply it by 5 to get 125 grams (4.4oz). The structure is similar to tyrosine. Reduces The Appearance Of Acne Scars. In addition to the applications of arbutins in cosmetics, they also have therapeutic applications such as in the treatment of infections of the urinary tract, and for their antioxidant properties, anti-inflammatory properties and antitumor activity [18]. She currently resides in New Jersey with her husband and cat, Silas. In this way, the system reaches the steady state and originates a chromophore, which, in turn, has a high absorptivity in the visible spectrum. Antioxidants help fight free-radicals. We dont necessarily recommend using alpha arbutin powder because it can be complicated and you need tools like a scale to make sure youre getting the right combination. In the meantime, there have been debates and validation studies about the mechanism of action of this substance as well as its skin lightening efficacy and safety. Polar interactions and hydrogen bonds are shown as black dotted lines. Eric McClure is an editing fellow at wikiHow where he has been editing, researching, and creating content since 2019. Inset. However, it has been proposed that the adverse effects of HQ may be due to its oxidation by tyrosinase [17], and at present its use in cosmetics has been forbidden in the European Union and the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has proposed a ban on all over-the-counter preparations of this compound [18]. For example, if you have 200 millilitres (0.85c) of skin care lotion, add 1mL (0.0042c) of dissolved arbutin. Even though alpha arbutin is the beloved skin brightener, it can be a bit questionable since it is a form of hydroquinone. Purified alpha-arbutin works to target dark spots and uneven skin tone. Moreover, in both of them, there is a polar interaction of the glycosidic oxygen atom of the glucopyranose ring with H244. Alpha arbutin is often compared to kojic acid because both are used for hyperpigmentation. Each is available on Amazon, which we linked to above. Alpha-Arbutin COA. If you have a facial cream, add 4 millilitres (0.017c). All rights reserved. "Both forms of arbutin suppress melanin production, but studies have shown . The experimental conditions were [E]0 = 30 nM. 2. For redness, uneven skin tone, or acne scars, it may also help improve the condition and appearance of your skin. However, both ligands are hydroxylated at essentially the same velocity, since the catalytic rate constants, kcat, were found to be similar (Table 2). We tapped two experts, a cosmetic chemist and a dermatologist, to get the scoop on alpha arbutin, including what it is and how to find it. All of the assays were carried out at 25C, using 30 mM phosphate buffer at pH 7.0. 43 ($22.14/Ounce) FREE delivery Mar 10 - 23 . Its a natural antioxidant and brightener. Hydroquinone is effective for melasma and dark spots but also has serious side effects, whereas alpha-arbutin doesnt. I am not affilia. S12 Fig. Use a sunscreen, wear protective clothing, and limit sun exposure while using this product and for a week afterwards. Because it's the answer to the brighter, more even skin tone you've been dreaming of for years. Action on -arbutin. Hydroquinone (HQ) inhibits the melanogenesis process very effectively, so it is used as a depigmenting agent [14,15]. Melanin is pigment. "They differ in structure and properties." There's 2% Alpha Arbutin in the formula. The experimental conditions were [E]0 = 80 nM, [L-tyrosine]0 = 0.25 mM and [L-dopa]0 = 0.01 mM. We use cookies to make wikiHow great. wikiHow, Inc. is the copyright holder of this image under U.S. and international copyright laws. Just remember that consistency is key to really see benefits. Despite the complexity of the mechanisms, an equation for the formation rate of dopachrome can be obtained. 0000039112 00000 n This image may not be used by other entities without the express written consent of wikiHow, Inc.
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\u00a9 2023 wikiHow, Inc. All rights reserved. Alpha-Arbutin blocks epidermal melanin synthesis by inhibiting enzymatic oxidation of Tyrosine and Dopa. Jose Tudela, The experimental conditions were [E]0 = 300 nM, [MBTH]0 = 0.2 mM, [-arbutin]0 = 10 M and DMF 2%. Alpha-Arbutin has also been shown to improve hyperpigmentation and fade . Total oxygen consumption test in the presence of L-tyrosine and different concentrations of -arbutin (mM): a) 0, b) 1, c) 2 and d) 4. Alpha arbutin, also called Hydroquinone -D-glucopyranoside, is a naturally occurring antioxidant and skin brightener that is naturally found in the bearberry plant. The spectrophotometric recordings were made every 2 minutes. He was the winner of the Paul Carroll award for outstanding achievement in creative writing in 2014, and he was a featured reader at the Poetry Foundations Open Door Reading Series in 2015. Schematic representation of the kinetic mechanism for the action of tyrosinase on L-dopa in the presence of or -arbutin. "Natural Resources Containing Arbutin. A former educator and poet, his work has appeared in Carcinogenic Poetry, Shot Glass Journal, Prairie Margins, and The Rusty Nail. This was lent weight by the oxygen consumption test with TBC (Fig 5 and 5 Inset), L-dopa (S4 and S4 Inset Fig) or L-tyrosine (S5 and S5 Inset Fig). Alpha arbutin can be quite strong on its own and cause a burning or stinging sensation if it takes up a high percentage of the lotion or cream. Do not add anything else to your pot. Your email address will not be published. This means that the ingredient can act on two types pigmentation. In conclusion, combining both alpha arbutin with retinol is a good idea because it will give you a more consistent result. The initial rates were obtained by linear regression fitting of the initial portions of each experimental recording. Alpha arbutin has many of the same benefits but without the risks. Regarding the diphenolase activity, the effect of these compounds is depicted in S3 (-arbutin) and S3 Inset (-arbutin) Fig, which point to an apparent competitive inhibition and values of 4 0.29 mM and 0.9 0.05 mM, respectively. Kinetic characterization of the action of tyrosinase on arbutins. It also contains hyaluronic acid. The docking results agree with these values. Alpha-Arbutin (4- Hydroxyphenyl--D-glucopyranoside) is a 98% pure hyperpigmentation, a water-soluble, active ingredient extracted from the Bearberry Plant. 0000006276 00000 n This article was co-authored by wikiHow staff writer. The rest of the experimental conditions were [E]0 = 50 nM and [TBC]0 = 1 mM. Determination of the MBTH saturation concentration. Inset. Graphical representation of the LineweaverBurk equation showing the inhibition of the monophenolase activity of tyrosinase in the presence of -arbutin 3 mM. The diphenolase activity of tyrosinase on L-dopa [4042] and the monophenolase activity on L-tyrosine [43] were measured at 475 nm, the maximum absorption wavelength of dopachrome. Typology Pigment Stain Serum Alpha Arbutin 2% + lemon extract. Empower your health with The Top Supplements holistic health content. The spectrophotometric recordings were made every 60 seconds. It must be taken into account that although the activity of the enzyme is almost zero at these concentrations at short times, the addition of hydrogen peroxide transforms Em to Eox (S7 Fig), which is able to hydroxylate arbutin, although the o-quinone that is originated is unstable. Graphical representations of the LineweaverBurk equation for the inhibition of the monophenolase activity by -arbutin (Fig 4) and -arbutin (Fig 4 Inset) are presented, showing the apparent competitive inhibition with values of 2.29 0.21 mM and 1.42 0.08 mM, respectively. Every time youre exposed to UV rays, the tyrosinase on your melanocyte cells is activated. Francisco Garcia-Canovas, Contributed equally to this work with: Consider purchasing these products instead if you plan on regularly using alpha arbutin. 0000001593 00000 n The water-based formula contains 2% alpha arbutin to brighten, depigment and lighten the skin helping to reduce the look of dark spots and uneven skin tone. At short times, there is barely no activity, but a self-activation of the system due to the release of o-diphenol occurs at long times [27,28]. Structurally it is an -glicoside. In this video, I will compare 2 Alpha Arbutin 2% + HA bottles. Your skin should be clean and dry before applying. Total oxygen consumption test in the presence of L-dopa and different concentrations of -arbutin (mM): a) 0, b) 2, c) 5 and d) 20. WHAT'S THE % OF ALPHA ARBUTIN? This kinetic characterization of and -arbutin as substrates of tyrosinase should be taken into account to explain possible adverse effects of these compounds. However, if you use a product that has concentrations above anywhere from 3 to 4%, in some rare cases, you could experience a reaction. Funding: This work was supported by the Fundacin Seneca (CARM, Murcia, Spain) under Projects 19545/PI/14, 19304/PI/14 and 19240/PI/14; MINECO under Projects SAF2016-77241-R and CTQ2014-56887-P (Co-financing with Fondos FEDER); and University of Murcia, Murcia under Projects UMU15452 and UMU17766. Alpha arbu. MEETSUPPLEMENT is a brand of Xi'an Herb Bio-Tech Co.,Ltd, we are a professional supplier of Alpha-Arbutin, wholesale Alpha-Arbutin, bulk supply Alpha-Arbutin. *k{uGs+c|;f8@cq8Yz}#{j]0T rNz|}k}*mTXE|m=(jcctR.^2K( For melasma, particularly from being in the sun, alpha arbutin may help. Alpha Arbutin is much stronger in effect than Arbutin or Beta Arbutin. The alpha arbutin serum readily absorbs into the skin and also helps to reduce tanning. Moreover, experiments with HPLC, as described in Materials and Methods, were made to confirm that there are no secondary reactions, peaks being obtained for and -arbutin without mixing with hydroquinone (S2 Fig). The distance between the oxygen of the peroxide group and the carbon with the hydroxyl group in ortho position facilitates hydroxylation. If youre going to wear a product with this ingredient during the day, you should wear sun protection on top of it. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0177330, Editor: Willem J. H. van Berkel, Wageningen Universiteit, NETHERLANDS, Received: February 24, 2017; Accepted: April 17, 2017; Published: May 11, 2017. This image is not<\/b> licensed under the Creative Commons license applied to text content and some other images posted to the wikiHow website. Similar results were obtained with -arbutin (Fig 5 Inset) as well as when the two tests were carried out using L-dopa or L-tyrosine as substrates (S4, S4 Inset, S5 and 5 Inset Figs). Arbutin is easier to store and youll likely get more use out of it since you dont have the oxidation concern. Limonene's nr1 function is definitely being a fragrance component, . 0000036356 00000 n Tip: Alpha arbutin is often mixed with kjic acid, vitamin C, or niacinamide to create a homemade skin whitening cream. Alfa Arbutin is a pure biosynthetic and hydro soluble active ingredient which activates skin lightening and unifies any skin type by way of blocking the synthesis of melanin pigments which inhibits the enzymatic oxidation of tyrosine and the DOPA.. ultrapure water was used throughout. It is known to cause a burning sensation for many people. Action of tyrosinase on -arbutin in the presence of MBTH. This image is not<\/b> licensed under the Creative Commons license applied to text content and some other images posted to the wikiHow website. This image may not be used by other entities without the express written consent of wikiHow, Inc.
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\u00a9 2023 wikiHow, Inc. All rights reserved. Works by inhibiting the body's oxidation of Tyrosine, the culprit behind melanin production and its resulting hyper-pigmentation (brown spots). Schematic representation of the kinetic mechanism for the action of tyrosinase on L-tyrosine in the presence of or -arbutin. The need for a safer option is important. The safe skin lightening active alpha-arbutin evens tone in 5 weeks. Arbutin is therefore used as a skin-lightening agent. Receive your FREE Doctor-Approved Beauty Guide, A powerful daily ritual for glowing skin and strong hair & nails*. Hydroquinone is banned in Europe and Australia because it has dangerous bleaching properties. 0000003717 00000 n Kinetic constants for the characterization of the activity of tyrosinase on -arbutin and -arbutin and chemical shift values of the carbon with the phenolic hydroxyl group. The chemical structures for and -arbutin are available in the PubChem Substance and Compound database [52] through the unique chemical structure identifier CID: 158637 for -arbutin [53], and CID: 346 for -arbutin [54]. Warning: Many people mix other skin care products into the arbutin when it is dissolving. Some studies on the activity of tyrosinase from human malignant melanoma cells demonstrate that -arbutin is more potent than -arbutin as an inhibitor of the enzyme [29]. Experiments with the diphenolase activity show similar inhibition (Fig 3A Inset and 3B Inset for and -arbutin, respectively). In fact, it has been said that -arbutin does not inhibit mushroom tyrosinase, but it is more potent than -arbutin as an inhibitor of tyrosinase from B16 mouse melanoma [23]. J Iw 6&q7sRzW( IlaYMq_U *t%heN?6:tzTXz [Py"1;^pB!#u^rnddw=+Rl(P >ISL@q{S endstream endobj 51 0 obj 197 endobj 29 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 23 0 R /Resources 30 0 R /Contents 38 0 R /MediaBox [ 0 0 595 842 ] /CropBox [ 0 0 595 842 ] /Rotate 0 >> endobj 30 0 obj << /ProcSet [ /PDF /Text /ImageB ] /Font << /TT1 39 0 R /TT2 32 0 R /TT4 34 0 R /TT6 31 0 R >> /XObject << /Im1 41 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS1 46 0 R >> /ColorSpace << /Cs6 36 0 R >> >> endobj 31 0 obj << /Type /Font /Subtype /TrueType /FirstChar 32 /LastChar 84 /Widths [ 333 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 778 0 0 0 722 0 0 833 0 0 0 0 944 833 0 722 0 778 0 722 ] /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /BaseFont /NHECHO+Arial-Black /FontDescriptor 35 0 R >> endobj 32 0 obj << /Type /Font /Subtype /TrueType /FirstChar 32 /LastChar 177 /Widths [ 278 0 0 0 0 889 0 0 333 333 389 584 278 333 278 278 556 556 556 556 556 556 556 556 556 556 278 278 584 584 584 0 0 667 667 722 722 667 611 778 722 278 500 667 556 833 722 778 667 0 722 667 611 722 667 944 0 0 0 278 0 278 0 0 0 556 556 500 556 556 278 556 556 222 222 500 222 833 556 556 556 556 333 500 278 556 500 722 500 500 500 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 222 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 400 549 ] /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /BaseFont /NHEBOD+Arial /FontDescriptor 37 0 R >> endobj 33 0 obj << /Type /FontDescriptor /Ascent 905 /CapHeight 718 /Descent -211 /Flags 32 /FontBBox [ -628 -376 2034 1048 ] /FontName /NHECEK+Arial,Bold /ItalicAngle 0 /StemV 144 /FontFile2 45 0 R >> endobj 34 0 obj << /Type /Font /Subtype /TrueType /FirstChar 32 /LastChar 150 /Widths [ 278 0 474 0 0 889 0 0 333 333 389 0 278 333 278 278 556 556 556 556 556 556 0 0 0 0 333 0 0 0 0 0 0 722 722 722 722 667 611 778 722 278 0 722 611 833 722 778 667 0 722 667 611 722 667 0 0 667 0 333 0 333 0 0 0 556 611 556 611 556 333 611 611 278 0 556 278 889 611 611 611 0 389 556 333 611 556 0 0 556 500 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 556 ] /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /BaseFont /NHECEK+Arial,Bold /FontDescriptor 33 0 R >> endobj 35 0 obj << /Type /FontDescriptor /Ascent 1100 /CapHeight 718 /Descent -309 /Flags 32 /FontBBox [ -194 -307 1688 1083 ] /FontName /NHECHO+Arial-Black /ItalicAngle 0 /StemV 0 /FontFile2 49 0 R >> endobj 36 0 obj [ /ICCBased 47 0 R ] endobj 37 0 obj << /Type /FontDescriptor /Ascent 905 /CapHeight 718 /Descent -211 /Flags 32 /FontBBox [ -665 -325 2028 1037 ] /FontName /NHEBOD+Arial /ItalicAngle 0 /StemV 94 /XHeight 515 /FontFile2 48 0 R >> endobj 38 0 obj << /Length 2222 /Filter /FlateDecode >> stream