google scholar jennifer eberhardt

Two experiments showing that exposure to extreme disparities can cause people to become more, not less, supportive of the very policies that create those disparities. Jennifer Eberhardt is a social psychologist at Stanford University and a leading authority on unconscious bias. PDF Restore Delete Forever. Blagg, Harry. (, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention . Psychological Science 2015 26: 5, 617-624 Download Citation. Toward a psychology of human agency. Jennifer Eberhardt, Ph.D., is Morris M. Doyle Centennial Professor of Public Policy, Professor of Psychology, and Faculty Co-Director of SPARQ. View the profiles of people named Jenny Eberhardt. She studies the psychological association between race and crime and the dehumanization of Black Americans in contemporary society. Add co-authors Co-authors. Visit our library to view Jennifer Eberhardt's papers related to learning mindsets. Using footage from officers’ body-worn cameras, our team developed computational linguistic methods to analyze the respectfulness of the language that police officers used with White and Black community members during traffic stops in Oakland. In the criminal justice system, numerous distinct actors must be endowed by the system with the power to investigate, arrest, charge, prosecute, judge, sentence, and deprive people of their freedom, if not their lives. Indeed, 18% of Black Americans say they have been unfairly stopped by the police over the past year, compared with 3% of Whites. Email address for updates. In the absence of direct experience and engagement with racial inequality, one reason disparities do not speak for themselves is because there is more than one interpretation of what those differences reveal. Create a link to share a read only version of this article with your colleagues and friends. An article showing how informing Whites about racial disparities in executions bolsters support of the death penalty. Perspectives on Psychological Science. (, Voigt, R., Camp, N. P., Prabhakaran, V., Hamilton, W. L., Hetey, R. C., Griffiths, C. M., . Sydney: AHRC. Google Scholar. In the abstract, it can be difficult to conceptualize of vast systems and institutions. When the prison population was “more Black,” voters became significantly less likely to sign a real petition aimed at lessening the severity of California’s harsh three-strikes law. Eberhardt is the author of Biased: Uncovering the Hidden Prejudice that Shapes What We, See, Think, Do (published by Viking in 2019). Upload PDF. (2006). View or download all the content the society has access to. Follow this author. Understanding racial disparities in New York City’s stop-and-frisk policy, Racial disparities in incarceration increase acceptance of punitive policies, Data for change: A statistical analysis of police stops, searches, handcuffings, and arrests in Oakland, Calif, Derogating the victim: The interpersonal consequences of blaming events on discrimination, Inequality, discrimination, and the power of the status quo: Direct evidence for a motivation to see the way things are as the way they should be, Greensboro puts focus on reducing racial bias, The disproportionate risks of driving while Black, Framing inequity safely: Whites’ motivated perceptions of racial privilege, Public high school 4-year adjusted cohort graduation rate (ACGR), by race/ethnicity and selected demographic characteristics for the United States, the 50 states, and the District of Columbia: School year 2015–16 [Data table], The color of justice: Racial and ethnic disparity in state prisons, Confirmation bias: A ubiquitous phenomenon in many guises, Understanding White Americans’ perceptions of racism in hurricane Katrina-related events, Racial disparities in SF traffic searches raise concerns of bias, Black child poverty rate holds steady, even as other groups see declines, Prejudice and perception: The role of automatic and controlled processes in misperceiving a weapon, Persuasion and resistance: Race and the death penalty in America, The threat of appearing prejudiced and race-based attentional biases, Language from police body camera footage shows racial disparities in officer respect, Police leaders join call to cut prison rosters, Evidence of Racial Disparities in the Criminal Justice System, The Numbers Don’t Speak for Themselves: Racial Disparities and the Persistence of Inequality in the Criminal Justice System, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2017, National Center for Education Statistics, 2017, Hetey, Monin, Maitreyi, & Eberhardt, 2016, American Civil Liberties Union Foundation of Massachusetts, 2014, Epp, Maynard-Moody, & Haider-Markel, 2014, Stanford SPARQ & California Department of Justice, 2016, G. Adams, Edkins, Lacka, Pickett, & Cheryan, 2008, http://www.washingtonexaminer.com/cnn-panel-blows-up-after-guest-suggests-blacks-are-prone-to-crime/article/2596167, https://aclum.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/reports-black-brown-and-targeted.pdf, https://www.aclusocal.org/sites/default/files/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/11837125-LAPD-Racial-Profiling-Report-ACLU.pdf, https://www.bjs.gov/content/pub/pdf/piusp01.pdf, https://www.bjs.gov/content/pub/pdf/p13.pdf, https://www.brennancenter.org/analysis/national-agenda-reduce-mass-incarceration, https://www.nyclu.org/sites/default/files/publications/2012_Report_NYCLU_0.pdf, https://www.bjs.gov/content/pub/pdf/p10.pdf, https://stanford.app.box.com/v/Data-for-Change, https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/12/us/greensboro-puts-focus-on-reducing-racial-bias.html, https://www.nytimes.com/2015/10/25/us/racial-disparity-traffic-stops-driving-black.html, https://nces.ed.gov/ccd/tables/ACGR_RE_and_characteristics_2015-16.asp, https://www.sentencingproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/The-Color-of-Justice-Racial-and-Ethnic-Disparity-in-State-Prisons.pdf, http://www.sfchronicle.com/crime/article/Racial-disparities-in-SF-traffic-searches-raise-7235690.php, http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2015/07/14/black-child-poverty-rate-holds-steady-even-as-other-groups-see-declines/, http://www.pewsocialtrends.org/2016/06/27/on-views-of-race-and-inequality-blacks-and-whites-are-worlds-apart/, https://stanford.app.box.com/s/e3ik3z20be2k9k6p6pluo9o42wdz5cni, https://www.census.gov/prod/cen2010/briefs/c2010br-02.pdf, http://www.nytimes.com/2015/10/21/us/police-leaders-join-call-to-cut-prison-rosters.html?_r=0. Differential responses in the fusiform region to same-race and other-race faces. People of color, and African Americans in particular, are more likely than Whites to have direct experience with, perceive, and engage in discussions about racial inequality and discrimination. The study was run at a time when the number of Blacks detained by the New York Police Department was dropping from a recent all-time high. Hetey, R. C., & Eberhardt, J. L. (2014). We propose three potential strategies that may mitigate this paradoxical effect and provide important avenues for future research on how to reduce racial inequities. By wide margins, Black respondents were more likely than White respondents to say Blacks are treated less fairly across a wide variety of settings, including the criminal justice system. Black Americans surely feel the effects of these stereotypical associations: Nearly half of Blacks (47%) say someone in the past year has acted as if they were suspicious of them (Pew Research Center, 2016). . PDF Restore Delete Forever. 467-481 view In Oakland, this policy change led to a massive reduction in consent searches without increasing crime. Through interdisciplinary collaborations and innovative methods—from laboratory studies to novel field Given these ironic effects and what we know more generally about people’s use of information to support what they already believe or expect (Darley & Gross, 1983; Nickerson, 1998), what should people working for social change do? 2020 Google Scholarship recipients. If you have access to a journal via a society or association membership, please browse to your society journal, select an article to view, and follow the instructions in this box. Eighty-four percent of Blacks, compared with 50% of Whites, say Blacks are treated less fairly in dealing with the police. Sign up to receive newsletters and updates from the Mindset Scholars Network. (2007). Adams, G., Edkins, V., Lacka, D., Pickett, K. M., & Cheryan, S. (2008). When Jennifer Eberhardt appeared on The Daily Show with Trevor Noah in April 2019, she had a hard time keeping a straight face. Members of _ can log in with their society credentials below, Current Directions in Psychological Science, Rebecca C. Hetey and Jennifer L. Eberhardt. Add co-authors Co-authors. To contextualize is to convey that racial disparities are not natural or due to fixed stereotypical traits. Declaration of Conflicting InterestsThe author(s) declared that there were no conflicts of interest with respect to the authorship or the publication of this article. By focusing on group traits, the possibility that structural bias is at play in creating disparities falls out of view. Google Scholar. During their lifetime, 1 in 3 African American males can expect to be imprisoned compared with 1 in 17 White males (Bonczar, 2003). For more information view the SAGE Journals Sharing page. When we described California’s three-strikes law and presented participants with a prison population that was less Black, 52% of them signed the petition compared with only 27% in the more-Black condition. Follow this author . Join Facebook to connect with Jenny Eberhardt and others you may know. Jennifer L. Eberhardt et al., Seeing Black: Race, Crime, and Visual Processing, 87 J. While an open question, it is unlikely that exposure to evidence of disparities has the same potential to backfire with people from other racial backgrounds. Ironically, researchers have found that being presented with evidence of extreme racial disparities in the criminal justice system can cause the public to become more, not less, supportive of the punitive criminal justice policies that produce those disparities. One stunning illustration (Simons & Chabris, 1999; based on Neisser, 1979) of the primary role of attention in perception involves showing people a video of 2 teams with 3 players each, passing balls to one another.Participants are instructed to count the number of passes made among the players in white shirts. Preliminary results suggest the training is effective in increasing knowledge of implicit bias, and most encouragingly, it leads law enforcement personnel to desire better relations with the community, to have more sympathy for community members, and to be more likely to believe they personally can make a difference (Stanford SPARQ & California Department of Justice, 2016). We propose three potential strategies that may mitigate the unintended consequences of exposing Whites to evidence of racial inequalities: (a) offer context, (b) challenge associations, and (c) highlight institutions. Another contributing factor to the perpetuation of inequality is the tendency to prioritize the role of individuals over institutions. We are grateful to Karapanayiotides and colleagues (2020) for their description of a 57-year-old patient with acute haemorrhagic leukoencephalitis (AHLE) and concentric demyelination suggestive of Baló’s disease, and for adding insights into the neurological manifestations of COVID-19. Awareness of the power of institutions can be taught. In view of the current Corona Virus epidemic, Schloss Dagstuhl has moved its 2020 proposal submission period to July 1 to July 15, 2020, and there will not be another proposal round in November 2020. Canberra: Department of Justice and Attorney-General. 2003. 2007; 13:214–228. Current Directions in Psychological Science 2018 27: 3, 183-187 Download Citation . A similar pattern has emerged in other places, including Boston; Greensboro, North Carolina; Los Angeles; and New York City (American Civil Liberties Union Foundation of Massachusetts, 2014; Ayres & Borowsky, 2008; Dunn, 2013; Goel, Rao, & Shroff, 2016; LaFraniere & Lehren, 2015). Follow this author . (, Lowery, B. S., Knowles, E. D., Unzueta, M. M. (, National Center for Education Statistics . At the time we conducted the study, California had the harshest three-strikes law in the nation—a person with two prior felony convictions could receive a life sentence for stealing a dollar in loose change from a parked car. Furthermore, research shows that White Americans are susceptible to denying claims of bias (G. Adams, Tormala, & O’Brien, 2006), in part to preserve views of the world as fair and meritocratic—views that can blind Whites to racial inequality and the role of institutional practices that harm minorities (O’Brien et al., 2009). ATSISJC. 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